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A coalition of Syrian rebel groups led by the Islamist militant group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) successfully toppled the regime of authoritarian leader Bashar al-Assad in a lightning offensive that lasted only about two weeks. After the rebels captured the Syrian capital Damascus on December 8, 2024, HTS commander Abu Mohammed al-Golani promised to build a tolerant, pluralistic Syria in remarks that signalled a break from his group’s origins as an affiliate of the terrorist group al-Qaeda. Assad, a long-time ally of Russia and Iran, has reportedly fled to Moscow, where he and his family were offered asylum. The collapse of the Assad regime potentially marks the end of a brutal 13-year Syrian civil war that rose out of protests during the Arab spring.
