bodyType

customContents

entityId

entityUuid

articlePageQuery

filter

article

articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle

articleListArticle

articleSeoArticle

hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle

hooksTrackPageViewArticle

hooksContentInterestArticle

articleLinkingDataContent

hooksAmpRedirectArticle

articleSchemaContent

liveArticle

advertZone

sentiment

contentLock

topics

types

sections

paywallTypes

createdDate

publishedDate

urlAlias

moreOnThisArticles

sponsorType

commentCount

authorLocations

authors

corrections

displaySlideShow

multimediaEmbed

printHeadline

seriesContainer

articleSpeeches

socialHeadline

headline

images

flag

firstTopic

glossary

flattenTypeIds

image

relatedLinks

relatedNewsletters

__typename

sponsor

pdfFiles

seriesReverseOrder

series

disableOffPlatformContent

published

updatedDate

summary

subHeadline

body

keywords

readingTime

customTimezone

liveContents

Alex Lo

“Hydraulic or magnets?” US President Donald Trump asked some baffled American troops stationed in Japan during his visit this week, and demanded to know which was better.
That was during a speech aboard the USS George Washington, before hundreds of American servicemen and women who appeared to have no idea what their commander-in-chief was talking about.
“You know, the new thing is magnets. So instead of using hydraulic that you can be hit by lightning and it’s fine, you take a little glass of water and you drop it on magnets, I don’t know what’s gonna happen.”
Then he got to his point. “Which is better,” he asked. “Hydraulic …”
That evoked cheers from some in his audience.
“ … or magnets?” The crowd went silent.
“What the hell is wrong with these people?” an exasperated Trump complained.
You can hardly blame them. It seems Trump wasn’t talking about ordinary magnets, but rare earth magnets. But he failed to clarify and had everyone scratching their heads.
“I’m gonna sign an executive order. When we build aircraft carriers, it’s steam for the catapults and it’s hydraulic for the elevators,” he said in a stream of consciousness.

Behind the comic moment was some very serious business. The Trump administration desperately needs to reach deals to ease the pressure of China’s announced export controls over rare earths such as neodymium and samarium. Neodymium and samarium-cobalt magnets produce much stronger and more durable magnetic fields than other types of magnets, and that is what makes them valuable. Both have extensive and essential military applications.
In their first meeting in six years this week, President Xi Jinping promised to lower some rare earth controls while Trump would halve select tariffs to 10 per cent.
I doubt going back to steam or hydraulics is the answer for the US.
Neodymium magnets are used in electric motors and actuators, which convert signals from sensors into mechanical actions in military aircraft, drones, battleships and ground offensive vehicles and electronic gear used by soldiers in combat.
Samarium-cobalt magnets can maintain functions at extremely high temperatures, making them ideal for use in jet engines and deep-sea vehicles, in guidance systems for missiles and smart bombs, in satellite and radar systems, stealth aircraft and battleships.


Lockheed Martin’s F-35, billed by the US as the world’s most advanced fighter jet, substantially relies on such advanced magnets. However, the aircraft is so expensive and high-maintenance that many US allies are having second thoughts about buying them, potentially preferring less advanced but more robust warplanes.
In his speech, Trump made it sound like he was talking about the kind of magnets children play with; he might as well be. Many in his military audience probably knew far more about those advanced military-grade magnets than their president, if only they knew what he was referring to.
Trump’s reference to building aircraft carriers may be less straightforward. It’s hard to know what was on his mind. But some educated guesses are possible. After Japan, Trump went to South Korea.
To counter China’s dominance in shipbuilding, the Trump administration has been pressuring South Korea to invest in such capacities in the United States – “Make American shipbuilding great again” (Masga) – in strong-armed tactics similar to what he has been using on Taiwan to produce more of its advanced semiconductors in the US.


The US currently only accounts for 0.04 per cent of global shipbuilding output, compared with 28 per cent of South Korea, which in turn is just slightly more than half of China’s. Shipyards in the US have been hampered by outdated facilities and a lack of skilled workers, both of which South Korea is expected to supply. Shipbuilders Hanwha Ocean, Samsung and HD Hyundai Heavy Industries have all been drafted into the Masga programme with investments worth around US$150 billion.
Meanwhile, the US Navy has warned that current submarine and aircraft carrier production is insufficient, resulting in the US fleet being overstretched and facing deployment gaps. That was probably what Trump was thinking about when he referred to building aircraft carriers while aboard the USS George Washington.
Why the US needs to patrol the world and threaten other nations is a good question. When Washington talks about military insufficiency, it really means the capacity to strike anywhere in the world, rather than protecting the homeland, which it is more than capable of.
The residents of US allies like South Korea have baulked at Trump’s demands. Of course, China isn’t playing ball.
They were probably on the US president’s mind when he asked about “magnets or hydraulic”.


Ex-Honduran president freed from US prison after Trump pardon amid tight election race

Saudi adviser lauds parallels with Singapore, from Lee Kuan Yew to modernisation efforts

Trump’s America still needs its allies to manage China competition

India’s strong economic growth impresses amid doubts on ‘overstated’ data

United States

In Trump’s rare earths rant, US soldiers find a weary world policeman

Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi gestures as US President Donald Trump delivers a speech during their visit to the aircraft carrier USS George Washington at the US Navy’s base in Yokosuka, Japan, on October 28. Photo: AP

A F-35 fighter jet takes off from Ceiba, Puerto Rico, on September 30. Photo: Reuters

US has woken up to China’s rare earth challenge too late

A handout photo taken on April 14 and received on October 21 from Lynas Rare Earths Limited shows the company’s rare earths mine located at Mount Weld in Western Australia. The US has inked a critical minerals deal with Australia, opening an alternative pipeline of highly sought-after metals as China tightens its grip on production. Photo: Handout / Lynas Rare Earths Limited / AFP

Rare earth diplomacy: how Trump is using his Asia tour to secure critical mineral supplies

US President Donald Trump and Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi hold up signed documents for a critical minerals deal at Akasaka Palace on October 28 in Tokyo, Japan. Photo: AFP

South Korea, US reach trade deal at Trump-Lee summit from tariffs to investment

President Donald Trump and his South Korean counterpart Lee Jae-myung during a dinner event in Gyeongju, South Korea, on Wednesday. Photo: AP

South Korean President Lee Jae-myung (centre right) gives a welcome address next to US President Donald Trump during a special dinner held for state leaders at the Hilton Hotel in the southeastern city of Gyeongju, South Korea, on Wednesday. Photo: EPA/Yonhap

South Korea’s first 3,600-ton-class naval submarine is unveiled during a ceremony held at the Hanwha Ocean dockyard, in Geoje, South Korea, on October 22. Photo: EPA/Yonhap

A test fire of sea-to-surface strategic cruise missiles conducted by the North Korean Missile General Administration at an unconfirmed location in North Korea, on Tuesday. Photo: EPA/KCNA

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and President Donald Trump inside the demilitarised zone separating South and North Korea on June 30, 2019, in Panmunjom, South Korea. Photo: Dong-A Ilbo/Getty Images/TNS

To counter China, Trump’s Asia trip to shore up maritime alliances with Japan, South Korea

US President Donald Trump has committed to reviving America’s nearly defunct shipbuilding industry, including through strategic partnerships with allies such as South Korea and Japan. Photo: AFP

Washington has committed to reviving the US’ nearly defunct shipbuilding industry, including through strategic partnerships with allies such as South Korea and Japan. Photo: AFP

Opinion

World Opinion

China Opinion

News

World

Economy, Trade & Business

Diplomacy

China

Asia

East Asia

In the face of China’s rare earth export controls, the US is desperate for alternatives to keep its advanced weapons systems modern and mobile


In the face of China’s rare earth export controls, the US is desperate for alternatives to keep its advanced weapons systems modern and mobile.


Donald Trump

Rare earths

China shipbuilding

Japan

US-Japan relations

South Korea

China exports

Trade

US-ally trade wars

US-China trade war

Lockheed Martin

Hanwha Ocean

Expresses the views, ideas and conclusions of the author. (Eg. Enough of Crazy Rich Asians, think of crazy poor Hongkongers.)


Column

As I see it

As I see it | In Trump’s rare earths rant, US soldiers find a weary world policeman

In the face of China’s rare earth export controls, the US is desperate for alternatives to keep its advanced weapons systems modern and mobile