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Asian Angle | Four steps for Jokowi to save Indonesian democracy

  • President Joko Widodo has much to reflect on as he is sworn in for his second term today
  • After weeks of unrest in Papua, student protests, forest fires and a knife attack on a minister, here is how he could turn the tide

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A forest fire at Rambutan village in Ogan Ilir, Indonesia’s South Sumatra province. Photo: AFP
Over the past two months, as President Joko Widodo prepared to embark on his second term in office, students took to the streets across the country to protest, angry people in far-flung Papua burned down government offices, and a senior government minister was attacked and stabbed in broad daylight.

Not an auspicious start for someone who won a convincing victory at the polls in April.

The trouble began when the restive region of Papua erupted in violent protests after Papuan students suffered racist abuse in a student dormitory. Then, there were nationwide student protests when it emerged that the parliament was set to pass a new criminal code laden with prohibitions and punishment for aspects of sexual behaviour and orientation. The students were also incensed when around the same time, Widodo – popularly known as Jokowi – announced that the Anti-Corruption Commission, one of the bedrock institutions that has jailed thousands of officials and maintained popular faith in the reform process, would be reconstituted and its powers curbed by the end of the year. And literally adding fire, a thick haze of poisonous smoke descended on many areas as a result of dry season forest fires.
Indonesian security forces watch as a building burns after hundreds of demonstrators marched near Papua’s biggest city Jayapura, where they set fire to a regional assembly building and hurled rocks at shops and hotels. Photo: AFP
Indonesian security forces watch as a building burns after hundreds of demonstrators marched near Papua’s biggest city Jayapura, where they set fire to a regional assembly building and hurled rocks at shops and hotels. Photo: AFP

To be fair, these problems are not all of the president’s making. Nor was it easy for his government to act decisively, given the period of limbo leading up to the appointment of the new cabinet on Sunday, when Widodo will be sworn in for his second term. But the social, political and security challenges they pose will hang over the coming five years, generating uncertainty and fear about political stability and the state of Indonesia’s democracy. Many Indonesians who supported Widodo because they felt he would safeguard open, fair and accountable government are now wondering whether the country’s democracy is secure in his hands.

One reason for the setback stems from the success of Indonesia’s democratic transition since 1998. Competitive politics has become well-established; regular elections are held at all levels of representation. But the evolving political culture is divisive and subject to selfish manipulation. Politicians have exploited race and religion to fish for votes, generating a polarised political map and empowering religious zealots.

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