Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR): A prominent Beijing-based research institute, AIR operates under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Established in 2018 through the merger of three CAS institutes, its primary mission is to achieve major scientific breakthroughs and lead in aerospace information research. AIR focuses on remote sensing technologies, digital earth, electronics, optical-electronic measurement, and satellite navigation. It is notable for housing national-level laboratories, publishing academic journals, managing China’s Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station, and contributing to lunar exploration and environmental monitoring.