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China-India relations
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Opinion
Gaurav Kumar

Despite rivalry, China-India coexistence is not a pipe dream

India has no interest in endless confrontation, and Beijing has every reason to prefer a predictable India to another unresolved front

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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, (left) and Chinese President Xi Jinping shake hands during the welcoming ceremony of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Tianjin on August 31, 2025. Photo: AFP
Gaurav Kumar is a researcher at the Centre for Professional Military Education in the United Service Institution of India, New Delhi.
When Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping met at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, the encounter was short and carefully choreographed while the message was warm. Modi had earlier said that stable and predictable ties between the two nations matter for a multipolar Asia and world.

The larger moment will come on September 12 and 13, when Xi is expected to visit New Delhi for the first time in seven years. He is likely to lead a delegation of some 400 officials to the Brics summit.

How should we read this? No honest account of the emerging thaw in Sino-Indian relations can leave out the leader who is not at the table. US President Donald Trump’s 50 per cent tariffs on Indian goods imposed last year have pushed Delhi and Beijing closer than any charm offensive could have, even though the tariff rates were reduced this year.
When China’s envoy offers to stand firm with India against outside pressure, the strategic logic writes itself. That said, a friendship powered by a shared irritation can cool once the irritation fades. India hedges by instinct, and one day it could gravitate back towards the West.
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