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SCMP Reporters

This live blog has been made freely available as a public service to our readers. Please consider supporting SCMP’s journalism by subscribing. Get faster notifications on the latest updates by downloading our app.
Chinese President Xi Jinping has held talks with his American counterpart Donald Trump, their first in-person meeting since Trump’s return to the White House, as the rivals seek to manage heightened tensions, particularly over trade.
The closed-door talks took place on the sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in the South Korean city of Busan.


Thursday’s meeting came at a time of fluctuating US-China relations marked by escalating trade tensions. Trump this month threatened additional tariffs on Chinese goods and hinted at calling off talks with Xi in response to China’s rare earth export curbs.
More from our reporting:
– 5 takeaways from the Xi-Trump summit in South Korea
– The China-US face-off: a visual guide to Xi and Trump’s key people
Reporting by Dewey Sim, Alyssa Chen, Fan Chen, Meredith Chen, Orange Wang, Sylvia Ma and Ji Siqi


Right-wing rivals in Honduras presidential race locked in a ‘technical tie’

China bristles as Japan weighs missile export to Philippines

Soybean pain, Xi-Trump talks, ICE death, Hasan Piker: 7 US-China relations reads

Senior Chinese diplomat takes swipe at US over deep-sea mining strategy

US-China relations

‘Amazing’ Xi-Trump summit, as it happened – deals struck as trade war thaws

President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping shake hands before their meeting at Gimhae International Airport in Busan, South Korea. Photo: AP

Chinese President Xi Jinping and US counterpart Donald Trump after their talks at Gimhae Air Base. Photo: AP

News

China

Diplomacy

Leaders held ‘amazing’ talks in South Korea and reached agreements to ease trade tensions, including fentanyl tariff cut and shipbuilding probe suspension


Leaders held ‘amazing’ talks in South Korea and reached agreements to ease trade tensions, including fentanyl tariff cut and shipbuilding probe suspension.


South Korea

United States

Taiwan

Xi Jinping

Donald Trump

Live

Trump arrived in Busan on Marine One, minutes before Xi landed.
“THE G2 WILL BE CONVENING SHORTLY!” he wrote about an hour earlier in an all-caps post on Truth Social.
According to the schedule issued by the White House, the summit between Trump and Xi will begin at 11am local time. Just under two hours has been allocated for the high-stakes meeting, with the US president set to leave South Korea at 12.55pm to return to Washington.
“Very much looking forward to my meeting with President Xi of China,” Trump wrote in an earlier post on Thursday morning.



Trump arrives in Busan

Xi has arrived in Busan, South Korea after a flight of around an hour from China, state broadcaster CCTV said at 10.26am local time. Among the officials accompanying Xi on his state visit to South Korea are Cai Qi, secretary of the Secretariat of the Communist Party, Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Vice-Premier He Lifeng. South Korean and international media gathered outside the airport trying to capture Xi’s arrival.



Xi’s flight lands

Referring to China and Russia, Trump announces minutes before the summit he has ordered the US to resume nuclear weapons testing “immediately”. Close China-Russia ties are expected to be on the agenda of the Trump-Xi meeting, and strategic stability has also emerged as a prominent issue.
“The United States has more Nuclear Weapons than any other country. This was accomplished, including a complete update and renovation of existing weapons, during my First Term in office. Because of the tremendous destructive power, I HATED to do it, but had no choice! Russia is second, and China is a distant third, but will be even within 5 years,” Trump posted on his Truth Social platform on Thursday.
“Because of other countries testing programs, I have instructed the Department of War to start testing our Nuclear Weapons on an equal basis. That process will begin immediately. Thank you for your attention to this matter!”



US nuclear tests to resume

The live stream from Chinese state broadcaster CCTV shows Xi descending the steps from his plane and proceeding along the red carpet, watched on by an honour guard.




Xi on his way to summit

Chinese state broadcaster CCTV reports that the highly anticipated meeting between Trump and Xi has begun.


Talks under way

The live broadcast shows Chinese President Xi Jinping entering the meeting venue at Gimhae airport, shaking hands and exchanging brief remarks with Monica Crowley, the US chief of protocol.



US chief of protocol

Xi’s visit to South Korea is his first in more than a decade – the last one was in July 2014. The trip comes at a time when Seoul finds itself increasingly caught in the middle of a deepening US-China rivalry. Trade Minister Yeo Han-koo on Wednesday said South Korea aimed to bolster cooperation with Washington and stabilise supply chains with Beijing.



Xi’s first South Korea trip since 2014

A red carpet was rolled out for Xi’s arrival, with an honour guard on both sides and three Hongqi cars waiting nearby. The Chinese leader is on a state visit to South Korea and he was also welcomed by a military band and a 21-gun salute. Xi got into one of the Hongqi cars and was taken to the meeting venue, Narae Maru. The facility is part of a South Korean Air Force base adjacent to the Gimhae International Airport.


Red carpet for Xi

The live broadcast shows Trump and Xi meeting.
Xi tells Trump it is a “great pleasure to see you again”.
“Good to see you again,” Trump says as the two leaders shake hands.
“Me too,” Xi replies.
“We’re going to have a very successful meeting, I have no doubt. But he’s a very tough negotiator – that’s not good,” Trump adds, patting Xi on the back. “We know each other well.
“We have a great relationship – we’ve always had a great relationship,” Trump says, before they walk into the conference room to start the talks.



‘Good to see you again’

Trump does not respond to a question on whether Taiwan will be discussed but when asked whether a deal would be struck with Beijing, he says “could be” and that “we always have a good relationship”. There were earlier concerns, including from Trump’s aides, that the American leader would shift Washington’s position on Taiwan to hammer out a sweeping deal with Beijing.


Will there be a deal?

In opening remarks at the summit, Trump describes Xi as a “distinguished and respected president”. “We’ve already agreed to a lot of things and we will agree to some more right now. President Xi is a great leader of a great country. I think we will have a fantastic relationship for a long period of time.”


‘A fantastic relationship’

Xi says he stands ready to continue working with Trump to build a “solid foundation for US-China relations and create a sound atmosphere for the development of both countries”.



Xi ready to work with Trump

Xi’s entourage includes Cai Qi, the president’s chief of staff, Foreign Minister Wang Yi, chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission Zheng Shanjie, vice-minister of foreign affairs Ma Zhaoxu, Vice-Premier He Lifeng and Minister of Commerce Wang Wentao.


On China’s side of the table

Xi says he appreciates Trump’s “great contribution to the recent conclusion of the Gaza ceasefire agreement” and that “China has been helping our own way” Cambodia and Thailand to settle their border dispute. That was after Trump claimed that China had not been involved in the joint declaration on peace between the two Southeast Asian countries.



Cambodia and Thailand

Joining the meeting alongside Trump are Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, Secretary of State Marco Rubio, White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles as well as the US ambassador to China David Perdue.



Trump’s team

Xi notes that he has had many exchanges with Trump and they have been in close contact since the US president’s re-election.
“Under our joint guidance, China-US relations have remained stable on the whole,” he says.
“It is normal for the two leading economies of the world to have frictions now and then,” Xi says, adding that in the face of challenges the two leaders should stay on “the right course”.
“I always believe China’s development goes hand in hand with your vision to make America great again.”
Xi continues that: “China and the United States should be partners and friends. This is what history has taught us. And what reality demands.”
At the end of his opening remarks, Xi tells Trump: “I look forward to exchanging views with you on questions important for our two countries and the world.”
Xi says China and US can work together to accomplish more great and concrete things for the good of the two nations and the whole world.


Xi says frictions are ‘normal’

A day ahead of the Xi-Trump summit, Chinese state news agency Xinhua published the story behind the drafting of the nation’s next five-year plan to 2030.
It said Beijing had discussed “countermeasures for changes in the external situation” and adjusted the plan in April, days after Trump imposed “reciprocal” tariffs.
According to the report, Xi had emphasised the need to “clearly understand the broader environment” when planning economic and social development.
The report also noted that since the beginning of this year, “the adverse impact of changes in the international situation” had worsened, while “external suppression and containment have continuously escalated”.


China’s change of plan

The White House is posting clips on social media of the two leaders meeting, including one in which Trump tells Xi: “It’s a great honour … I think we’re going to have a fantastic relationship for a long period of time – and it’s an honour to have you with us”.


Social media moments

Trump expects to lower tariffs on China in exchange for cooperation on tightening export controls on fentanyl precursors – the chemicals used to make the synthetic opioid blamed for hundreds of thousands of drug overdose deaths.
The US could cut its 20 per cent fentanyl-related tariff on Chinese goods by as much as 10 percentage points, according to The Wall Street Journal.
“I expect to be lowering that because I believe that they’re going to help us with the fentanyl situation,” Trump told reporters on a flight from Tokyo to Gyeongju, South Korea, on Wednesday, according to the newspaper. “They’re going to be doing what they can do.”
The fentanyl issue has long strained US-China relations. Trump sanctioned China over the issue during his first term. In response, China imposed strict controls on the drug production and export, placing all fentanyl-related substances under a regulatory schedule.



Fentanyl factor

Another key issue to watch at the summit is the fate of TikTok. Trump and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent both recently said the two leaders could “consummate” a final deal that would keep TikTok operating in the US as early as Thursday.
In September, Trump signed an executive order paving the way for a US-based ownership structure with a majority of American investors, reverting a ban, although Beijing has yet to publicly endorse it.
The years-long stand-off, dating back to Trump’s first term, stems from Washington’s view of the Chinese-owned video platform as a propaganda tool and privacy threat. Beijing has long condemned the forced-sale push, once calling it “robbers’ logic” in response to TikTok’s success.




TikTok watch

After Xi and Trump wrapped up their opening remarks ahead of the meeting, a reporter asked Trump: “Why did you change your nuclear plans? Why are you going to do more nuclear testing?”
Trump did not respond. “Thank you very much, everybody,” he said as the press was ushered out of the room.


Nuclear testing

Beijing added five more medium-heavy rare earth elements to its export control lists this month, along with equipment and technologies related to the minerals’ extraction and processing. But the implementation of these curbs could be eased after Trump and Xi meet, as hinted by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent. Beijing holds a near-monopoly on the supply and processing of rare earths, heightening interest around the world in Thursday’s talks.
The US has ramped up efforts to hedge against rare earth export controls by China. Days ahead of the meeting, Trump signed a flurry of deals with countries such as Malaysia and Thailand to secure mineral supplies.




Interest in rare earths outcome

China relies heavily on imported soybeans for its livestock industry, and amid ongoing trade tensions with the US, it has turned to Brazil and Argentina to supply them. Last month, the world’s largest food buyer bought 12.8 million tonnes of soybeans, with a notable increase from Argentina, while importing none from the US.
The outcome of Trump’s talks with Xi – including on the issue of soybeans – could weigh heavily on the 2026 US midterm elections.
US farmers, many of whom backed the “America first” president for his deal-making reputation, argue he is out of touch with their struggles. As their economic pain deepens, they are increasingly urging partnership with China.



Soybean farmers seek relief

Trump and Xi are meeting at the Gimhae Air Base – a humble grey building with a blue roof – rather than the sort of ornate venue where powerful world leaders are usually hosted.
The military base, which is not open to the public, is close to Busan’s international airport. It was established during the Korean war and used to host the US Air Force and Marine Corps. It is now home to South Korean Air Force.
The talks between Xi and Trump took place in the Narae Maru reception hall, built in 2005 and used during a 2019 summit between South Korea and Asean.
Security has been tight near the air base ahead of the summit, including armoured vehicles being sent to the area ahead of the talks, according to local media.



Gimhae Air Base

China has resumed some purchases of US soybeans ahead of the Xi-Trump meeting in South Korea. Scott Gaffner, a board member of the Illinois Soybean Association, confirmed the latest development to the Post, saying he had just “learned that a couple shipments [of soybeans] were delivered to China”.
The soybean shipments are China’s first purchases from America’s autumn harvest. The development comes as US farmers have urged Trump to take a conciliatory approach in his talks with Xi to reach a lasting soybean deal.
A research note from HSBC on Wednesday said an increase in Chinese purchases of US soybeans and agriculture products was likely to be on the summit agenda. It said that while the US supplied 23 per cent of China’s total soybean imports last year, its share had dwindled to less than 5 per cent in recent months.
Ahead of Thursday’s meeting, US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the talks would result in a “resounding victory” for American farmers. “[Trump] is in Asia showing what successful American leadership looks like,” he said in a social media post that included a photo of the US president speaking at the Apec summit in South Korea.



Soybean purchases resume

Washington could help stabilise relations with Beijing over the issues of Taiwan and the South China Sea, according to US think tank the Rand Corporation.
In a report released this month, Rand identifies Taiwan as one of the most dangerous potential flashpoints, but urges Washington to create a situation giving Beijing incentives to adopt a “gradual approach” to reunification.
As for the disputed South China Sea, the report suggests a “credible but conditional willingness” to scale back US military activities could be valuable if followed by Chinese restraint. Rand said Washington should prevent the tension from reaching extreme and dangerous levels, and that recent comments by China’s leaders were “not as extreme” as portrayed.



US urged to stabilise rivalry

American aircraft giant Boeing is caught in the crossfire of the US-China trade war. Since taking office, Trump has frequently used the company in his aggressive bid to reshape global trade. In April, amid trade clashes, Beijing turned back at least three Boeing 737 Max jets and ordered Chinese airlines to suspend new deliveries.
After China expanded rare earth export curbs in October, Washington said it was considering export controls on Boeing parts. With hundreds of aircraft awaiting delivery and a potential 500-jet deal under negotiation, escalating tensions threaten Boeing’s revenue prospects and could push Chinese airlines towards its European rival, Airbus.



Boeing in trade crossfire

Officials in Europe will be closely watching the Xi-Trump summit for mention of the Ukraine war. Trump has said he would like China’s help to deal with Russia as he seeks to end the war. Last week, he said Xi Jinping “can have a big influence on [Russian President Vladimir] Putin”. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky this week also called on Trump to pressure China to reduce support for Russia, which invaded Ukraine in February 2022.
Beijing has positioned itself as a peacemaker that sees both Moscow and Kyiv as partners, but it has maintained close economic ties with Russia during the three-year conflict. Europe has long accused China of supplying dual-use items to Russia, a charge Beijing denies.


Attention to Ukraine war

In his second presidential term, Trump has vacillated regarding Taiwan as he seeks to settle a trade deal with Beijing. Beijing has repeatedly said Taiwan was the “first red line that cannot be crossed” and urged Washington to cease arms sales to Taiwan and oppose Taiwanese independence.
Trump told reporters last week that Beijing would not attempt to seize Taiwan. “I think we’ll be just fine with China. China doesn’t want to do that,” Trump said. “Now that doesn’t mean it’s not the apple of his eye, because probably it is, but I don’t see anything happening,” he said, referring to Xi.


Many expect Xi to persuade Trump to soften US support for Taiwan. Their meeting comes amid concern in both the US and Taiwan that Trump might abandon long-standing American support for the island in negotiations with Beijing to reach a trade agreement.
Both US Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Taiwanese Foreign Minister Lin Chia-hung have played down such concerns.
On Thursday ahead of the talks, Lin said Taipei was “confident” in its relations with the United States and that they had close cooperation on security and other matters.
In August, Trump said Xi had told him he would not invade as long as Trump was president.


Trump’s view of Taiwan

The South China Sea has been a fundamental stress point in US-China relations in recent years. Beijing repeatedly accuses Washington of being an extraregional agitator that undermines stability in the waters where China’s long-running territorial dispute with the Philippines, a US treaty ally, has resulted in frequent clashes between coastguards.

The US holds joint military exercises with the Philippines and other regional partners in the waterway and sends warships into the disputed waters for what it calls freedom of navigation operations. At the weekend, a US Navy fighter jet and helicopter crashed into the South China Sea, prompting Beijing to respond on Monday that Washington’s frequent deployment of warships and aircraft in the region was the cause of maritime security risks and a threat to regional peace and stability.


Shadow of the South China Sea

According to the Post’s previous analysis, some observers remain sceptical there will be any breakthroughs but see potential for gradual steps towards mutual de-escalation of US-China tensions from the summit. Some experts anticipate limited concessions, such as a pause in tariff escalation, incremental agricultural purchases or adjustments to China’s rare earth policies.
Others say deep structural rifts – on issues ranging from hi-tech and rare earth export controls to Taiwan and the East and South China seas – have locked the relationship into a prolonged downward spiral.



Experts split on prospects

Chinese state broadcaster CCTV reports that the summit between Trump and Xi has ended, lasting around 1 hour and 40 minutes.


100-minute summit ends

The meeting was a little shorter than previous high-stakes summits between the two countries’ leaders on the sidelines of multilateral events. Past summits held amid events such as Apec and the G20 have lasted more than two hours, with some extending to four hours.
The US president is set to depart South Korea at 12.55pm local time, according to an earlier statement from the White House. Trump is expected to arrive at the White House at 3.05pm local time before celebrating Halloween at 5.30pm.


Meeting shorter than other summits

As the summit concluded, the live broadcast showed Trump and Xi walking out of the Gimhae Air Base together and smiling before sharing a final handshake. Trump whispered something to Xi before walking the Chinese leader to his car.
Secretary of State Marco Rubio was also seen smiling as he left the summit.
Earlier, the live stream showed Kang Kyung-wha, South Korea’s ambassador to the US, and Xavier Brunson, the chief commander of US Forces Korea, waiting outside the building.







Handshakes and smiles

Following the summit, Trump boards Air Force One to leave South Korea. Trump was seen talking to South Korean Foreign Minister Cho Hyun, ambassador to the US Kang Kyung-wha, acting US ambassador to South Korea Kevin Kim and others before boarding the plane.
Meanwhile, Xi is at the beginning of a three-day state visit to South Korea during which he will meet South Korean President Lee Jae-myung and attend the Apec summit in Gyeongju. Seoul aims to work with Beijing to advance practical cooperation in trade, supply chains and people-to-people exchanges to improve ties based on “friendly competition” and “equal cooperation”, Lee said in an interview with Xinhua earlier on Thursday.




Trump boards Air Force One

Air Force One takes off from Gimhae Air Base, marking an end to Trump’s two-day visit to South Korea and three-country Asia swing. Apart from the meeting with Xi, Trump also met other world leaders on the sidelines of the Apec forum in Gyeongju on Wednesday. A meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, which the Trump administration was reportedly discussing, did not take place.

Trump arrived in South Korea on Wednesday after visiting Japan where he met newly elected Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. They agreed to strengthen deterrence and response capabilities and enhance economic cooperation and Takaichi pledged to raise defence spending.


Trump ends three-country Asia tour

Trump tells reporters on Air Force One that Washington will say more later on Nvidia chip exports. Trump says he discussed with Xi the sale of Nvidia chips to China and that it is up to Beijing to continue talks with the company. But he clarifies that Thursday’s discussion did not address the sale of Nvidia’s latest Blackwell chips to China.


Nvidia chip exports

Aboard Air Force One, Trump tells reporters that he wants to see denuclearisation and that Washington is talking to Moscow about the issue and will talk to Beijing soon.
Trump dismisses concerns that the world is entering a more risky nuclear phase. He points out that Russia holds the largest number of confirmed nuclear weapons, followed by the United States and then China.
“Denuclearisation will be a tremendous thing,” Trump says. “It is something we’re actually talking to Russia, and China will be added to that if we do something.”


Trump wants to see denuclearisation

Trump says a “tremendous amount” of American soybeans and other farm products will be purchased by China, starting immediately.
Asked how soon he will have a trade deal with Beijing, Trump says it will be signed “pretty soon” and that there are not many major “stumbling blocks”.
“We have a deal,” he tells reporters during his flight to Washington, adding that it will be negotiated annually at year’s end.



‘We have a deal’

The White House started live-streaming audio of the president taking questions from the press on Air Force One minutes after Trump’s departure.
Trump describes the meeting as “amazing” and friendly and says he is headed to China next year. He says: “We agreed I’ll be going to China in April” and that Xi was also expected to visit Palm Beach or Washington in the US.
Trump says the two sides agreed on several issues. He also rates the meeting as a 12 out of 10. “On the scale from 0 to 10 with 10 being the best, I would say the meeting was 12,” he says.
Trump says many issues were discussed but “Taiwan never came up”.
He says the issue of Ukraine was raised and the two sides talked about it for a long time, and that the US is willing to work together with China to see if they can “get the war finished”.



‘Amazing’ meeting, visits planned

According to Trump, the two leaders agreed that China would “work very hard” on the fentanyl issue, despite it being complex. He says the 20 per cent fentanyl-related tariffs on Chinese goods will be reduced to 10 per cent, effective immediately.


Fentanyl tariff cut

Trump also claims the roadblock of China’s rare earth controls “is gone now”.
“Hopefully it will be disappeared from our vocabulary for a little while,” Trump tells reporters on Air Force One.
He says a one-year agreement for Beijing to pause controls on rare earths will be extended after a year.



Rare earths

US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, also speaking aboard Air Force One after the leaders’ summit, says the US will postpone its investigation into Chinese shipbuilding. The issue has become a point of contention between the two powers, as Washington pushes its “Make American Shipbuilding Great Again” initiative and seeks support from allies to revitalise the industry.



Shipbuilding probe postponed

Regarding a meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, Trump says “we never were able to talk … I was so busy”.
“I think it would have been maybe disrespectful to the importance of this meeting if we did that,” Trump says. “So I’d come back, with respect to Kim Jong-un.”


No meeting with Kim

Trump tells reporters on the flight home that China will invest more in the US. He says the Chinese side said it “felt strongly” about, and congratulated the US president for, attracting huge amounts of money to various sectors, including car manufacturing and artificial intelligence.


China to invest in US: Trump

The purchase deal on TikTok, which could be “consummated” as early as Thursday according to US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, was not mentioned in the short briefing on Air Force One.



TikTok deal not mentioned in briefing

Xi says China and the US should focus on the long-term benefits of cooperation, not get “caught in a vicious cycle of mutual retaliation”, state news agency Xinhua reports after the talks.



Xi looks to long-term benefits

Xi says China’s economic growth could create more room for China-US cooperation, Xinhua reports.
“We have never sought to challenge or replace anyone,” Xi said, according to Xinhua. “Instead, we have focused on managing our own affairs well and sharing development opportunities with countries around the world. This has been a key to China’s success.”
Xi was also quoted as saying that China and the US should maintain positive interactions on regional and international issues and “join hand in hand” to do more to benefit both their countries and the world. He urged China and the US to support each other next year, when China will host Apec and the US hosts the G20.


China’s growth good for cooperation: Xi

China will address the TikTok deal with the US in an appropriate manner, the Chinese commerce ministry says in a statement just released on the trade talks in Kuala Lumpur.


China to address TikTok deal

China’s Ministry of Commerce says in a statement that Beijing and Washington achieved consensus on tariffs, export controls and port fees during trade talks in Kuala Lumpur over the weekend.
It says the US will remove 10 per cent of “fentanyl tariffs” imposed on China, including Hong Kong and Macau. China will also correspondingly adjust its countermeasures against the US.
Meanwhile, the tariff pause the two sides agreed in May and extended in August will be further extended for one year.
The US will suspend imposing a new rule for its Entity List announced in September which broadens the restriction to any company at least 50 per cent owned by entities on the list – a measure Beijing previously said could affect thousands of Chinese companies.
In return, China will suspend a set of new rare earth export controls it announced in October for one year.
The US will also pause its Section 301 investigation measures targeting China’s maritime, logistics and shipbuilding industries for one year, while China will suspend its corresponding countermeasures against the US for one year.
The two sides reached consensus on issues such as fentanyl-related drug control cooperation and expanding agricultural product trade, the ministry says.
It also says the US made positive commitments in areas such as investment, while China will work with the US to properly resolve issues related to TikTok.


Consensus on tariffs, export curbs, port fees

The high-stakes summit between Chinese President Xi Jinping and his US counterpart, Donald Trump, in Busan on Thursday lasted 100 minutes. Here are five takeaways from the meeting.


What we learned from the summit

With a final look at the key leaders and officials who were at the Xi-Trump summit, we conclude our coverage. Thank you for reading.

