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China energy security
EconomyGlobal Economy

In FocusAs natural disasters rage, does China’s ‘top-down’ climate model provide a way forward?

As Beijing enacts a state-led approach to climate adaptation, Washington leans on the private sector and Brussels tries to chart a middle way

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Illustration: Lau Ka-kuen
Xiaofei Xuin Paris

A punishing drought is draining Europe’s great rivers, pushing the Loire, the Danube and the Rhine towards record lows.

At the Kaub gauging station, the reference point for shipping on the Rhine – Germany’s economic artery – the water level fell to 17cm (6.7 inches) this month, a low unseen since measurements began in 1880.

Meanwhile, wildfires are burning across southern Europe, forcing the evacuation of hundreds of thousands and producing the defining image of a European summer in which disaster has come to feel as seasonal as the holidays.

But this is not a story unique to any one continent or hemisphere. In recent weeks, smoke from intensified Canadian wildfires drifted down the American east coast, leaving New Yorkers struggling to breathe, while China has battled a prolonged heatwave and persistent floods while bracing for what could be the strongest El Nino cycle in the past 150 years.

The cascade of crises has revived an old question: how should societies adapt to a rapidly changing climate? It is one the world’s three leading economies are answering very differently.
The green transition is no longer something [China] needs external pressure to pursue. It’s a basic national development strategy
Jiangwen Guo, Chatham House
The results, analysts warn, are just as disparate. China’s government can set long-term plans and back them with public money and strong execution.
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