To Beijing, Hong Kong’s extradition protests are sealing the city’s fate. Can ‘one country, two systems’ survive?

Hongkongers have marched against the extradition bill by the million – highlighting the depth of their distrust in the mainland judicial system and the central government. This mistrust, accumulated over the years, will not only directly affect how the Beijing and Hong Kong governments handle this situation, but also shape the administrative arrangement for Hong Kong that will eventually replace “one country, two systems”.

Chief Executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor has apologised to the public, and shelved the plan to allow extraditions to the mainland. But the protesters are still dissatisfied, demanding the withdrawal of the bill. The central government holds the key to the problem. How Beijing – especially President Xi Jinping – considers the protests will largely determine the Hong Kong government’s follow-up, and, ultimately, Hong Kong’s fate.

On the surface, the protests were aimed at the Hong Kong government, but in reality they also targeted Beijing. Given Xi’s strongman politics and combativeness against political opponents, he would not like the idea of backing down after a couple of million-strong protests. This would not only undermine the authority of the central government, but also be taken as a personal affront. It’s possible that Xi will harden his attitude towards the protests after he meets Donald Trump at the G20 summit and China weathers the trade war.