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Chris King

Speaking in riddles
If you have something to tell someone and you don't want anyone else to know what it is, you can use a code. A code is information that has been disguised. You need a 'key' to work out what it means. 
The art of breaking codes is called cryptanalysis. Many codes from the past have been cracked by experts. 
One of the easiest codes is when letters in words are replaced. For example, 'A' might equal 'D', 'B' would be 'E', C would be 'F', and so on. Using this code, 'and' would be spelled 'dqg'. 
But codes used by armies and governments during a war have to be much more difficult to break. People's lives are at stake.         
The Enigma machine
The first world war made it clear how important it was to have a code the enemy could not crack. When the Germans learned the British had cracked all their codes, they were shocked. 
In 1918, a German engineer called Arthur Scherbius developed a code-writing tool: the Enigma Machine. He thought he could sell it to businessmen who wanted to protect their trade secrets. 
But it was the German army that bought it. They were sure nobody could crack its codes. 
Machine messages
Britain had been successfully cracking German code since the first world war. Then suddenly, in 1926, they couldn't read anything. The Germans were using the Enigma. 
The British thought that, as the code was impossible to break, there could not be another war. But in Poland, experts set about cracking it. By 1934, they could read the Enigma's messages. 
Room 40
Shortly before Germany invaded Poland in 1939 - starting the second world war - the Poles passed what they knew to the French and the British. The Germans had made improvements to the Enigma Machine and so Room 40 - Britain's code breaking experts - set about cracking it. 
Eventually, 10,000 people would be involved in the project. Cracking the Germans' code made it possible for Britain and its allies to know what the Germans were planning. It helped the British win the war.
Now do this ...
 1 Code breaking is called ...
 a. encryption. 
 b. cryptanalysis.
 c. keying. 
 2 The ... were the first to crack the Enigma Machine.
 a. Polish 
 b. British 
 c. Americans 
 3 Eventually, ... people were involved the Room 40 project to crack the German code.
 a. 100,000 
 b. 10,000 
 c. 1,000 
Answers:
June 2
1. b, 2. b, 3. c



Code breaking